viernes, 20 de julio de 2012

Are some female nouns in Bokmål more readily ''masculinized'' than the others? (conclusion)

This is the continuation of two previous posts.

As you've seen, Dagsavisen and Dagbladet online versions differ somewhat in the way they treat female nouns. We can't really say Dagsavisen is more ''radical'' than Dagbladet, or vice versa, because it depends on the specific word involved.  Dagsavisen's web ''corpus'' is not as large as Dagbladet's one, so sometimes there were very few forms found (for example: only one occurrence of dørklokka (with no occurence of  dørklokken), and no occurrences of  eggerøra (with only one occurrence of eggerøren). So, in cases like these, the Dagbladet ''online corpus'' seems to bear more statistical significance. 

Overall, these nouns are used predominately as female nouns, in both newspapers (English article left out):

moroa = fun; reka = prawn; søstra = sister; skuldra = shoulder; pølsa = sausage; underbuksa = underpants; kona = wife; bøtta = bucket; døra = door; buksa = trousers; jenta = girl; tåa = toe; bleia = nappy, diaper; bokhylla = bookshelf; hytta = cotage; trøya = vest; ferja = ferry; trusa = pants; kaka = cake; dama = lady; bløtkaka = gateau, cake; brygga = quay, jetty; dørklokka = doorbell; skjorta = shirt; stua = living room; senga = bed; nesa = nose; strømpebuksa = tights; tanta = aunt; gata = street; jakka = coat/jacket; klokka = clock;  silda = herring


These nouns are used predominately as female nouns, at least in one newspaper (English article left out):

ordlista = word list;  lua = cap;  ulla = wool; boka = book; sykesenga = hospital bed;  julekaka = Christmas cake;  matpakka = packet meal; badstua = sauna; kåpa = overcoat;  flaska = bottle; regninga = bill; eggerøra = scrambled eggs;  lista = list; strømpa = stocking; kirkeklokka = church bell;  melka = milk; hovedgata = main street;  uka = week; brua = bridge; eska = box; katta = cat; stripa = stripe;  nista = packet meal; natta = night;  tåra = tear;  lampa = lamp; jula = Christmas; ; skjea = spoon; lufta = air; hånda = hand

   
These nouns are used used as female or as male nouns, interchangeably (English article left out):

sola/solen = sun; avisa/avisen = newspaper; krona/kronen = Norwegian currency; tida/tiden = time; jorda/jorden = earth; kusina/kusinen = female cousin; mora/moren = mother; fartsgrensa/fartsgrensen = speed limit; fritida/fritiden = leisure; årstida/årstiden = season; påska/påsken = Easter; framtida/fremtiden = future; adressa/adressen  = address; venninna/venninnen = female friend; skoletida/skoletiden = school time; midnatta/midnatten = midnight; parafinlampa/ parafinlampen = parrafin lamp; kirka/kirken = church


These nouns are almost always used as male nouns (English article left out, more main form in bold):


åpningstiden (åpningstida) opening time; julingen (julinga) = beating, hiding; molten (molta) = cloudberry; dronningen (dronninga) = queen; farmoren (farmora) = grandmother; utsikten (utsikta) = view; gardinen (gardina) = curtain; festningen (festninga) = castle; hostesaften (hostesafta) = cough medicine/syrup; saften (safta) = juice; siden (sida) = site; befolkningen (befolkninga) = population



These nouns are used as masculine, the female form is extremely rare in Dagbladet and Dagsavisen (English article left out; Norwegian article adjusted):

   bomullen = cotton; erfaringen = experience; blusen = blouse; pillen = pille; historien = history, story;  niesen = niece;    kvitteringen = receipt; poteten = potato; frukten = fruit; utstillingen = exhibition; forretningen = business; leiligheten = flat; årsaken = reason; bygningen = building; synden = pity; hjelpen = help, ulykken = accident;  plikten  = duty;  muligheten = possibility, lammesteken = rost lamb; grønnsaken = vegetable hodepinen = headache

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